Question 1: Short answer
mediumAI-checkedLanguage ModelingOn the corpus
<s> I am Gustave </s>
<s> Gustave I am </s>
<s> I love natural language processing </s>
the word "love" occurs once, always followed by "natural", so the unsmoothed estimate is
. With add-one smoothing,
,
and a vocabulary of word types (the 7 words plus </s>), what is
?